THE CULTURE OF HUMANITIES AND THE SCIENTIFICITY IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPLEXITY AND COMPLEX THINKING

Abstract

Over the last two thousand years, Scientific Knowledge has been accumulated based on the ideas and conceptions of Aristotle, Ptolemy (90-168), Copernicus (1473-1543) Galileo (1564-1642), among others. From the 20th century on, four strands of thought predominate political ideology, biology and genetics; psychology; and post-Newtonian Physics. Nowadays, Science is done in a broad sociopolitical context, in which all political, economic, anthropological, ecological Knowledge is the world itself. However, in seeking Knowledge and excellence in Science, we have abandoned the context in which Science is performed - by people, in communities. Today, corporations control much of scientific discovery, as well as its future applications. Science has become, as never before, a political act, so we need to adopt multi-referential thinking, in which Knowledge progresses, mainly through the ability to contextualize and globalize. This capacity needs a general culture, diversified and stimulated. From this context, the work reflects scientific Knowledge in the face of the humanities culture and the culture of scientificity with a phenomenological approach from the perspective of epistemological pluralism.. This reflection contemplates the compartmentalization and the disjunction between humanistic culture and scientific culture, accompanied by the compartmentalization between different sciences and disciplines that leads to the specialization of sciences in such a way that only specialists can follow the rhythm and the details of the advance of an area of Knowledge, such as particle physics or astrophysics, for example. This intuitive process is based on complexity and complex thinking.